2021考研英语翻译宝典：公理反译&反义正译
择要：公理反译和反义正译请求译者对一些没法直接用汉语的不异布局举行表达的说话布局和表达方法从相反的角度举行转换。英汉两种说话习气分歧，要增强修辞结果，或要更切当地表达原文的寄义，翻译时若是用正面表达原文呈现坚苦，那末无妨试着用背面表达，或将原文的背面表达改用正面表达，使译文更流利。
There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.
译文：人们对智力这个词所指的分歧表示定见比力一致，而对这些表示若何诠释或分类则有分歧的见解。(more A than B 本色上是对B的否认，是以咱们可以把B 部门用否认法译出，公理反译the term按照上下文译为”智力这个词”)
And the cycle continues.
译文：如斯轮回，永不止息。(公理反译)
It cannot be too much emphasized that listening is the most important in learning English.
译文：理当出格夸大，听力在英语进修中是首要的问题。(反义正译)
雷同的布局另有：cannot……enoughcannot……morecannot……sufficientcannot sufficientlycannot……overcharged(和其他由over-组成的复合词)，这些布局可以译为”不管怎样…也不外分”。
The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.
译文：把尺度化测试作为报复方针是毛病的，由于在报复这种测试时，批判者不斟酌其弊端来自人们对测试不甚@领%6QN76%会或利%D5nJ6%用@不妥。 (divert attention from译成”不斟酌”。公理反译)
The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.
译文：科学钻研的法子不外是人类思惟勾当的需要表达方法，也就是对一切征象举行思考并赐与正确而严谨诠释的表达方法。(nothing but 译成”只不外”，反义正译)
The United Nations has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it.
译文：迄今为止，结合国孤负了世界人民寄与的但愿。(反义正译)
I thus appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of situation, and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable character.
译文：如许一来，在他们看来，我就像是很是认识这一套的了，也使他们加倍确信我是一个地隧道道的坏蛋。(公理反译)
To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.
译文：批判智力测试不反应上述环境，如同批判温度计不克不及够测风速同样。
such failure是正面表达，可是从上下文看，是指An intelligence test does not measure character, social adjustments……，以是译成”不反应上述环境”。
Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.
译文：伽利略的最灿烂的事迹在于他在1609年第一个把新发现的千里镜瞄准天空，以求证履行星是环抱太阳扭转，而不是环抱地球扭转。(rather than是正面表达，可是它含否认意思，应当译成”而不是”)
以下词语常常用正反、归正译法：
动词：fail, miss, lack, live up to, ignore, refuse, withhold, neglect, refrain, deny, overlook, 
exclude
名词：absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, neglect, exclusion
形容词：few, little, free from, far from, short of, safe from, thin, worthy of, ignorant……
副词：little, less, otherwise, too……to……, vainly
连词：more……than, unless, before, until, rather than, or
介词：without, about, except, beyond, instead of, in place of, out of